Plums

Plum

The plum comes from the temperate zones of the Northern hemishere, the Mediterranean lands, the Caucasus, Northern America, Japan and East China. These zones have soft winters and hot dry summers. These climate conditions develop the requirements for plum growth.
In the winter the plum feels good with low temperatures up to minus 32-35°C and some sorts - up to -50°C. Once a spell of warm weather has set in and the plum is growing, the tree can't bear up against low temperatures. The active plum vegetation starts at temperatures higher than 8-10°C.
Plum loves soil humidity and if it's not enough, the leaves become yellow and fall off and the fruits remain small and hard. The total water amount that plums use for transpiration and evaporates from 1 decare soil with normal tree density for one year is 450-500m3. The annual amount of the rainfalls for our country is 400-450m3. That's why for a normal crop plum needs irrigation. Best irrigation is the drip irrigation.
Useful advices
  • Plum Irrigation

  • The following phases are critical for the plum:
    - before the blossoming season in April;
    - leaves growing up in May;
    - the beginning of June;
    - fruits growing up in July and August;
    - lately in the autumn.

    Plum loves soil humidity.  Best irrigation for plums is the drip irrigation.

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  • Plum Fertilization
  • There're used nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and also natural fertilizers which are full of the important for fruit-trees iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, cobalt and zinc.

    The optimal nitrogen rate is 50 g/m2. it is spread in two halfs - the first one in the spring before the blossoming season, and the second - in the end of May or the beginning of June.
    The phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are spread together (50-60 kg/decare).

    The best way to fertigate is the drip irrigation fertilization. Drip irrigation is the best solution for plums fertilization with soluable fertilizers.

    The best time to spread the natural fertilizer is in the autumn but if you miss it, you can do it early in the spring. The optimal rate for this fertilizer is 2-3 t/decare for rich soils or  up to 6 t/decare for poor soils.
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  • Plum Planting
  • Plum planting is usually in the autumn. The spaces between the fruit-trees depend on their sort. Usually the spaces are 6x5 or 5x4m. If the field is ploughed, you have to make planting holes 60x60x50sm or,if it's not,the holes must be 100x100x70sm. The soil that is digged up should be mixed with 15-20kg nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. After that you have to cut 1-2sm off the healthy sapling roots and cut off the damaged roots till you get a healthy tissue. Then roots have to be dipped in a squashed fresh cattle manure with soil. The planting is made by two workers. One of the workers puts the sapling in the middle of the hole and the other fills the hole with soil. After planting you water the sapling with 20-30 l and you have to strew with dry soil or manure.

    Drip iirgation is the best way to irrigate and fertigate the plums. Drip irrigation guarantee the development ot the young plum trees. More on Plums irrigation.
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