Hazelnut

Hazelnut

The hazelnut is widely distributed in Asia Minor and the Balkans. It grows like a big bush with up to 10m height. The branches are grey and the young ones are covered with moss. The leaves are round and 12x10sm big. They have heart-shaped bases, sharp and short tops and rough edges. The fruits are in bunches up to 8 in a bunch.
The hazelnut tree is fast growing. It is long-lived, shade and frost-resisting, ornamental tree. 

The tree requires good sun lighting but it can't stand the summer heats and dry ups. That's why is good to use drip irrigation. It's blossoming season starts in the end of the winter in temperatures over 10°C and lasts 30 days for the male blossoms and 40-50 days for the female blossoms. Tempertaures around -5°C damage the hazelnut blossoms.

The hazelnut needs uplands and semi-uplands with northern exposure,clay-sandy and generous soil. The plant can't stand swampy, salty, poor and dry grounds. Irrigation must be done in very dry periods during the year and the young plants must be fisrt irrigated right after their planting.
Useful advices
  • Hazelnut Planting
  • Planting of the hazelnut should be done in the autumn.
    You have to make a hole 60x50sm and fill it with rotted natural fertilizer up to 10-15kg, mineral fertilizers – 200g superphosphate and 50g sulphate of potassium, and generous soill. Planting distances should be at least 4-5m between plants. You have to water the saplings generously but not in dry years. Natural fertilization is done in every 2-3 years and mineral fertilization yearly.
    For normal growth and development of the hazelnut bush you often have to prune it and leave only 8-10 stems.
    In the autumn you have to cover low growing branches with soil or snow so they can spend the winter successfully.
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  • Hazelnut Pruning
  • The forming pruning is of great importance for the hazelnut. The plant needs a big amount of sun light and the crown must have an access to light and air. There are 3 types of pruning:
    - cutting the middle branches off so the crown will look like a vase – this shape is good if you have only one hazelnut bush;
    - the stems are bound on the left and the right side to aluminum wires so the crown will be V-shaped;
    - the bush acquires the form of the tree with one trunk.
    When you’re doing the pruning, you have to remove only the old, the dried up branches and these that are too closed.
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  • Hazelnut Reproduction
  • The hazelnut bush is pollinated by the wind. If you want a good crop, it’s recommended to plant more than one bush. You can also do a crop-dusting which is very good for small bushes. The time for pollination is 15-20 min.

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